[Islam&Muslim] Wahhabism

Wahhabism is a conservative movement within Sunni Islam, originating in Saudi Arabia, it's one of the major ideologies with sustained influence in the Islamic world. Founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in the 18th century, its aim was to restore Islam to its pure, original form. At its core, Wahhabism emphasizes the principle of "Tawhid," known as the belief in the oneness of God, playing a crucial role in maintaining the purity and uniformity of worship in the Islamic world.


The strict adherence to law in Wahhabism stems from its association with one of the four main Sunni legal schools, the Hanbali school. Among Sunni jurisprudence, which provides various interpretations for the application of Sharia law, including the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali schools, the Hanbali school is the strictest, tracing its origins back to the earliest Islamic thought. Although relatively rare in the Islamic world, it has widespread influence, particularly in the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula, where Wahhabism holds significant sway, especially in Saudi Arabia. Abdullah al-Mawdudi adapted the Islamic doctrine of Sayyid Qutb to align with Wahhabi beliefs in the mid-20th century, spreading this Islamic movement to other regions.


Wahhabism emphasizes the precision and purity of faith, vehemently opposing anything deemed contrary to it. They assert the oneness of God and insist on obedience solely to the Quran, Hadith, and Sharia. Moreover, they consider governments, powers, and even corrupt Islamic authorities as idolaters. Those who do not adhere to Sharia, even if Muslim, are considered Mushrikun (i.e., idolaters, hypocrites, false Muslims). Wahhabism promotes strict doctrines, prohibiting alcohol, music, tobacco, and any form of mysticism. It also emphasizes ritualistic prayers and gender segregation. Often confused with Salafism (rooted in similar movements), Wahhabis (considered true Muslims by themselves) are difficult to quantify. While most Sunnis and Shias criticize them as extremist sects, their influence cannot be ignored.

The association of this sect with the Saudi royal family has greatly influenced its impact. The Saudi royals utilized Wahhabism to unify tribes and eventually formed the first Saudi state in the 18th century. Since then, they have continuously promoted and supported this movement, even building global mosques. Wahhabism has been criticized for its non-tolerant and aggressive interpretation of Islam, often being associated with global terrorist organizations. However, some argue that it's not the religious ideology but rather political ideologies that have led to violent actions.


Wahhabism significantly influences the legal and social systems of Saudi Arabia, applying strict religious laws, leading to ongoing debates on women's rights and human rights. Moreover, it impacts Saudi Arabia's international role, strengthening its position as a center of Islamic culture worldwide. Internationally, Wahhabism is expanding its influence in the Islamic world. Saudi Arabia establishes global Islamic cultural centers to spread Wahhabism worldwide, increasing its influence on politics, religion, and society in the Islamic world. However, Wahhabism remains a subject of debate and conflict within the Islamic world, exacerbating political instability and conflict. Moving forward, addressing various issues associated with Wahhabism is crucial for the stability and progress of the Islamic world.